Blue Butt
Blue Butt
Can someone tell me when you cross a Pure York and a Pure Hamp what color will the pigs be? Will you get the whole litter blue butts, or is there a chance of a hamp looking pig, or a pure white one?
BIOS Bring It On Showpigs
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This is why I ask, some say one thing and others say something else.
We had a pure hamp that was bred to a pure york and she had 13 pigs, and four of them were hamp to black in color. The rest all white bodied with blue markings.
We were wondering which pig wasnt pure since we got so many black ones.
We had a pure hamp that was bred to a pure york and she had 13 pigs, and four of them were hamp to black in color. The rest all white bodied with blue markings.
We were wondering which pig wasnt pure since we got so many black ones.
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We also AI'd a pure york gilt of ours to the same york boar and of course all white pigs, since white is dominant! Is that correct? or could there have been a blue dot somewhere? If indeed the York boar had a black carrier, then our york litter would all carry the black line, correct?
BIOS Bring It On Showpigs
BIOS: said
[quote:89c4b856be]If indeed the York boar had a black carrier, then our york litter would all carry the black line, correct?[/quote]
No, this is not correct. I'll explain, Traits are controlled by genes, and genes have different forms which are known as alleles. For example; the gene for coat color can have two alleles. One white allele and one black allele. In higher organisms such as pigs there are two alleles on each chromosome pair. So, one of each of the above alleles (black, white) can be found on a chromosome pair. Meaning the animal can carry both the color black and the color white. An example of this would be your boar who carries both the gene for black and the gene for white.
Dominant genes mask or cover the presence of recessive genes. Capital letters are used to designate dominant genes. A recessive gene is one that is over ridden by a dominat gene. For a recessive trait to appear (phenotypically) the animal must be homozygous ( have two of the same gene- one on each chromosome) for that characteistic to appear.
If you bred a PURE york to your non pure york this is what you will see
Pure York: White: WW
Cross Boar: WB : white/black
W........ B
____________
l...WW...l...WB...l.... W
l______l_______l
l...WW...l...WB...l
l______l ______L....W
So you will have half the litter that will be carriers of the black gene and the other half will only carry the genotype for the color white. Also, to clarify, BOTH white and black are dominant traits. That is why you get blue butts in the first place, due to codominance or incomplete dominance which is a blending of traits which causes the color roan/ blue.
[quote:89c4b856be]If indeed the York boar had a black carrier, then our york litter would all carry the black line, correct?[/quote]
No, this is not correct. I'll explain, Traits are controlled by genes, and genes have different forms which are known as alleles. For example; the gene for coat color can have two alleles. One white allele and one black allele. In higher organisms such as pigs there are two alleles on each chromosome pair. So, one of each of the above alleles (black, white) can be found on a chromosome pair. Meaning the animal can carry both the color black and the color white. An example of this would be your boar who carries both the gene for black and the gene for white.
Dominant genes mask or cover the presence of recessive genes. Capital letters are used to designate dominant genes. A recessive gene is one that is over ridden by a dominat gene. For a recessive trait to appear (phenotypically) the animal must be homozygous ( have two of the same gene- one on each chromosome) for that characteistic to appear.
If you bred a PURE york to your non pure york this is what you will see
Pure York: White: WW
Cross Boar: WB : white/black
W........ B
____________
l...WW...l...WB...l.... W
l______l_______l
l...WW...l...WB...l
l______l ______L....W
So you will have half the litter that will be carriers of the black gene and the other half will only carry the genotype for the color white. Also, to clarify, BOTH white and black are dominant traits. That is why you get blue butts in the first place, due to codominance or incomplete dominance which is a blending of traits which causes the color roan/ blue.
After re-reading what I wrote I thought I might need to explain a little more on why you get a totally white pig at times and one that is a blue butt with a York/ Hamp cross. The reason is that, as previously stated, a york carries the gene for white on two alleles. Due to a genetic mutation of the KIT gene one of these white alleles is fully dominant, which is the result of a splice mutation. The other white allele is only partially dominant due to a duplication of the KIT gene, which effects gene expression. So, if you breed a hamp to a york and the york passes on the white allele that is only partially dominant you will get a blue butt due to incomplete dominance. If the york passes on the allele that is fully dominant you will get an all white pig. If you have any more questions or need more clarification let me know and I'll try to help.
If you get black from a pure york x pure hamp, you have a non-pure york. Doesn't mean that your hamp was pure either, but the proof in this case is against the york.
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Darin is correct. Just because you get a black pig from a hamp/york cross does not mean that the hamp is pure. The reason the proof is against the york not being pure in this case is because a phenotype ( outward apperance) of white can also carry a dominant black gene, but it is impossible for a phenotypically black pig to carry a white gene since the white gene would have to be expressed in the coat color in some way. Either the pig is all white or it is a blue butt or has some sort of roan color pigmentations here and there for it to carry a white allele (gene). Since your hampshires outward apperance is black it does not carry the white gene, but it could still possibly carry a recessive red. The only way to see if your hamp gilt is pure would be to breed her to a PURE duroc. If you get a red pig or any that have some sort of red pigmentation then your gilt is not pure either.
There are a few articles or websites that I can direct you to. Some of them will be very user friendly and easy to comprehend and others will be the exact opposite. I'll give you both and you can decide what you want to look at and not.
Some good articles to look at would be the following;
[i:e24ade4ec8]The Inheritance of Coat Color In Swine[/i:e24ade4ec8] by H.O Hetzer
He has studied and made about 6 or 7 articles on the subject with explainations of different breed crosses and what you will get. There are two problems with the articles he has written.
1) you have to pay money to get them/see them
2) if you do not have a very good understanding of genetics they will be very VERY confusing. Unfortunately, these articles are not broken down in lamen terms for the general public to be able to understand.
Jounral: Mammalian Genome
ISSN: 0938-8990 (Print) 1432-1777 (Online)
Authors: M. Johansson Moller1, R. Chaudhary1, E. Hellm?n2, B. H?yheim3, B. Chowdhary1, L. Andersson1
Here is a link to the abstract of the article: http://www.springerlink.com/content/tt7j1v5qhwjcpwxg/
Here is a site that talks about the same thing: http://omia.angis.org.au/retrieve.shtml?pid=2192
These article talks about the white coat color in swine and how the KIT mutation accounts for it. (not user friendly)
This website give a general overview of genes, alleles, dominant and recessive genes, etc.
http://cast.csufresno.edu/agedweb/core/clf254.txt
This website explains coat color in swine very well, but could be confusing and hard to read. (it wasnt written for the general public) But you can look through it and still get a lot of useful information if you take the time to read it and look up anything you get stuck on. http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/full/150/3/1177#R15
I hope these links and references help you out. I wish there were more articles written that are broken down so that everyone could easily understand them, but unfortunately, these articles are very few and far between. If you get decide to read them and get stuck on something shoot me a PM and i'll try to help you out.
Some good articles to look at would be the following;
[i:e24ade4ec8]The Inheritance of Coat Color In Swine[/i:e24ade4ec8] by H.O Hetzer
He has studied and made about 6 or 7 articles on the subject with explainations of different breed crosses and what you will get. There are two problems with the articles he has written.
1) you have to pay money to get them/see them
2) if you do not have a very good understanding of genetics they will be very VERY confusing. Unfortunately, these articles are not broken down in lamen terms for the general public to be able to understand.
Jounral: Mammalian Genome
ISSN: 0938-8990 (Print) 1432-1777 (Online)
Authors: M. Johansson Moller1, R. Chaudhary1, E. Hellm?n2, B. H?yheim3, B. Chowdhary1, L. Andersson1
Here is a link to the abstract of the article: http://www.springerlink.com/content/tt7j1v5qhwjcpwxg/
Here is a site that talks about the same thing: http://omia.angis.org.au/retrieve.shtml?pid=2192
These article talks about the white coat color in swine and how the KIT mutation accounts for it. (not user friendly)
This website give a general overview of genes, alleles, dominant and recessive genes, etc.
http://cast.csufresno.edu/agedweb/core/clf254.txt
This website explains coat color in swine very well, but could be confusing and hard to read. (it wasnt written for the general public) But you can look through it and still get a lot of useful information if you take the time to read it and look up anything you get stuck on. http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/full/150/3/1177#R15
I hope these links and references help you out. I wish there were more articles written that are broken down so that everyone could easily understand them, but unfortunately, these articles are very few and far between. If you get decide to read them and get stuck on something shoot me a PM and i'll try to help you out.